花键轴用于各种行业。有许多类型的替代轴，如键轴，但花键轴是较为方便的传递扭矩的方式。花键轴通常具有围绕其圆周等距间隔并平行于轴的旋转轴线的齿。花键轴常见的齿形有直边形式和渐开线形式两种类型。
花键轴的外花键齿可以使用多种切削工艺制造，包括滚齿、齿条滚压和成形切削。另一方面，内花键齿通常使用拉削或成型形成。润滑对于花键的运行至关重要，因为润滑不足会导致磨损或微动。长期的微动会导致腐蚀。适当润滑后，适当的油流既可以润滑花键，又可以去除因微动产生的颗粒。
花键铣削是花键切削的几种工艺之一，是将齿加工成内花键或外花键的过程。花键切割可用于创建轴、齿轮和其他相互啮合的机械部件，并允许在整个机械系统中传递动力。花键轴有四种主要的样条加工技术：铣削、滚齿、拉削和成型等几种切割方式。
铣削加工：铣刀可以采用花键齿隙的精确共轭形式。通过使用这种类型的工具，可以一次制作一个齿槽，从一个空间到另一个空间连续分度。对于渐开线花键，将使用具有与该特定直径节距、压力角和齿数相反的渐开线形式的铣刀来加工这些空间。使用索引、分度头或机床转台提供齿间索引。
滚齿加工：滚刀的切削齿从花键齿之间的空间去除材料，花键轴的齿由滚刀切削刀具产生，当滚刀与工件同步转动时，滚刀的切槽沿齿廓连续切割平面，从而同时高效地产生多个齿。
拉削加工：拉刀刀具专用于其设计的内花键。该工具具有正确的齿数和形状，适合要生产的阴花键。它有多个切削刃，沿切削工具的长度排列。拉刀的起始端是一个光滑的直径，适合工件的光滑孔。从该端到刀具的另一端，可以找到处于预定相等轴向距离处的切削刃。每个切削刃都具有逐渐增加的最终花键形式。这允许在每个切削刃上拉动或推动通过毛坯时特定的切屑负载。退出时，然后几排切削刃产生成品的样条尺寸。
Spline shafts are used in a variety of industries. There are many types of alternative shafts, such as keyed shafts, but splined shafts are the more convenient way to transmit torque. Spline shafts usually have teeth equally spaced around their circumference and parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft. Two common types of tooth forms for spline shafts are the straight-sided form and the involute form.
The outer spline teeth of a spline shaft can be manufactured using a variety of cutting processes, including hobbing, rack hobbing, and form cutting. On the other hand, internal spline teeth are usually formed using broaching or shaping. Lubrication is critical to the operation of the spline, as insufficient lubrication can lead to wear or micromotion. Long-term micromotion can lead to corrosion. With proper lubrication, a proper oil flow will both lubricate the spline and remove particles created by micro-motion.
Spline milling, one of several processes of spline cutting, is the process of machining a tooth into an internal or external spline. Spline cutting can be used to create shafts, gears, and other intermeshing mechanical components, and allows power to be transmitted throughout a mechanical system. There are four main spline machining techniques for spline shafts: milling, hobbing, broaching and shaping are a few of the cutting methods.
Milling: The milling tool can take the form of a precise conjugate of the spline tooth gap. By using this type of tool, it is possible to make one tooth slot at a time, indexing continuously from one space to another. For involute splines, a milling cutter with an involute form that is the opposite of the pitch, pressure angle, and number of teeth for that particular diameter will be used to machine those spaces. Use an index, indexing head, or machine turntable to provide tooth indexing.
Hobbing: The cutting teeth of the hob remove material from the spaces between the spline teeth. The teeth of the spline shaft are produced by the hob cutting tool, and as the hob rotates in tandem with the workpiece, the grooves of the hob cut consecutively in flat surfaces along the tooth contour, thus efficiently generating multiple teeth at the same time.
Broaching: Broaching tools are dedicated to the internal splines they are designed for. The tool has the correct number and shape of teeth for the negative spline to be produced. It has multiple cutting edges arranged along the length of the cutting tool. The starting end of the broach is a smooth diameter that fits into a smooth hole in the workpiece. From that end to the other end of the tool, cutting edges at predetermined equal axial distances can be found. Each cutting edge has a gradually increasing final spline form. This allows a specific chip load to be pulled or pushed through the blank at each cutting edge. Upon withdrawal, then several rows of cutting edges produce a sample size of the finished product.